![]() The body didn't absorb the drugs as expected.They weren't prescribed the right treatment plan.People didn't follow directions for taking the drugs or stopped taking the drugs.Problems that can lead to such drug-resistant strains of bacteria include the following: If these bacteria are passed on to other people, a new drug-resistant strain can grow over time. When antibiotic drugs aren't used correctly - or drugs fail to kill all the bacteria for another reason - the conditions are ideal for more-resistant versions of the bacteria to get established and multiply. If it does survive, then it can multiply. A random genetic change in a bacterium might give it some quality that makes it more likely to survive the attack of an antibiotic. ![]() This happens, in part, because of naturally occurring genetic changes in bacteria. This means that drugs that once cured the disease no longer work. Some forms of the TB bacteria have become drug resistant. ![]() Also, a baby may have symptoms from swelling in the fluid around the brain or spinal cord, including: Infants.The baby doesn't grow or gain weight as expected.Younger children may have a fever that won't go away and weight loss. Typically, symptoms by age may include the following: Symptoms of active TB disease in children vary. Fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord.Īctive TB disease in children.Common symptoms may include:Īctive TB disease in the voice box is outside the lungs, but it has symptoms more like disease in the lungs.Ĭommon sites of active TB disease outside the lungs include: Symptoms vary depending on what part of the body is infected. This is called extrapulmonary tuberculosis. TB infection can spread from the lungs to other parts of the body. They may include:Īctive TB disease outside the lungs. Symptoms of active TB disease in the lungs usually begin gradually and worsen over a few weeks. But it usually happens after months or years of latent TB infection. Active TB disease may happen right after primary infection. Germs cause disease throughout the lungs or other parts of the body. Active TB disease happens when the immune system can't control an infection. There are no symptoms during latent TB infection.Īctive TB disease. The germs can't do any more harm if the immune system keeps them under control. Immune system cells build a wall around lung tissue with TB germs. Primary infection is usually followed by the stage called latent TB infection. Some people may get flu-like symptoms, such as: Most people don't have symptoms during a primary infection. But some captured germs may still survive and multiply. The immune system may completely destroy the germs. Immune system cells find and capture the germs. The first stage is called the primary infection. A TB infection may be in one of three stages. Repeated skin testing with PPD will not induce a positive skin test reaction in individuals who have no hypersensitivity to the antigens in PPD. That is, a repeat TST does not produce a false positive reaction.When tuberculosis (TB) germs survive and multiply in the lungs, it is called a TB infection. In the two-step method, persons with a negative initial TST, who have not had a TST within the past year, undergo a second TST 1-4 weeks after the first. This is important for persons who will undergo periodic (serial) skin testing (e.g., health care workers who may be required to undergo annual testing) and for residents in long-term care facilities, i.e., nursing homes and rest homes. If an initial TST result is negative, a two-step TST procedure may be required to “boost” a potential reaction that has waned over time in order to establish a reliable baseline. While administration of a TST can similarly “boost” an IGRA response, boosting is not considered in interpreting IGRA results. Boosting usually is evident within one week after the initial TST.However, it is unusual in those older than age 75 perhaps, after a sufficiently long period, sensitivity wanes beyond recall. Because waning takes time, boosting is more common among older persons, especially those more than 55 years of age.This reaction, now positive on the second test, reflects the prior TB infection. However, this TST may restore (or boost) immune memory and there may be a recall response on repeat testing resulting in a positive reaction. If the TST is administered to TB-infected individuals with faded immune memory, the reaction (induration) may be small or absent i.e., falsely negative. In most individuals infected with TB, tuberculin skin test (TST) sensitivity persists for many years after infection. However, over time in the absence of re-exposure to tuberculosis or to tuberculin, the size of the TST reaction may decrease or disappear because of waning immune memory.
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